An important characteristic of fluids is that there is no significant resistance to the component of a force applied parallel to the surface of a fluid. 14.3: Fluids, Density, and Pressure (Part 2) Pressure is defined for all states of matter, but it is particularly important when discussing fluids.Pressure due to the weight of a liquid of constant density is given by the product of the liquid's depth, density, and acceleration due to gravity. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object while pressure is the force per unit perpendicular area over which the force is applied. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids. 14.2: Fluids, Density, and Pressure (Part 1) A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces.As a result, forecasters expect torrential rainfall, winds in excess of 100 mph, and millions of dollars in damage. Atmospheric pressure has fallen to nearly 15% below average. A tropical depression has formed into a hurricane. Suddenly, an alert appears on your cell phone. The air smells of sea salt and the sun warms your body. 14.1: Prelude to Fluid Mechanics Picture yourself walking along a beach on the eastern shore of the United States.Before we can fully understand the role that pressure plays in these phenomena, we need to discuss the states of matter and the concept of density. Pressure lies at the heart of the phenomena called buoyancy, which causes hot air balloons to rise and ships to float. Changes in pressure can also cause scuba divers to suffer a sometimes fatal disorder known as the “bends,” which occurs when nitrogen dissolved in the water of the body at extreme depths returns to a gaseous state in the body as the diver surfaces. Changes in pressure cause ears to “pop” during takeoff in an airplane. Pressure is a physical phenomenon that is responsible for much more than just the weather. As you prepare to evacuate, you wonder: How can such a small drop in pressure lead to such a severe change in the weather? Picture yourself walking along a beach on the eastern shore of the United States.
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